11. Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _____________.
A) was strengthened
B) was not affected
C) was altered
D) was weakened
12. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to _________.
A) try to control unpleasant stimuli
B) turn off the electricity
C) behave passively in controllable situations
D) become abnormally suspicious
13. The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiments avoided saccharin was that __________.
A) they disliked its taste
B) it affected their immune systems
C) it led to stomach pains
D) they associated it with stomachaches
14. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that _____________.
A) they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin.
B) the sweetener was poisonous to them
C) their immune systems had been altered by the mind
D) they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning
15. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals __________.
A) can be weakened by conditioning
B) can be suppressed by drug injections
C) can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin
D) can be altered by electric shocks
关键句型
5. "something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent",表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中,则为"anything of ",可译为"有点","略微等。""译为毫无","全无"。"much of"译为"大有","not much of"可译为"算不上","称不上","little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像,略似。"
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father",可译为:"她那骗子般的父亲"。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7. as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8. "It is in(with)…as in(with)"
It is in life as in a journey.
答案和译文
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A
译文
我们有时认为惟有人类易受忧虑伤害,但紧张情绪似乎也影响了低级 动物 的免疫系统。例如,在一次实验中,丹佛大学的行为免疫学家马克·朗顿斯拉格对24只老鼠进行了轻微的电击。一半老鼠能通过转动笼子里的一个轮子切断电源,而另一半却不能。朗顿斯拉格将两组老鼠配成对,每次一只老鼠转动轮子,它就能保护自己和无能为力的伙伴免遭电击。朗顿斯拉发现,无能为力的老鼠免疫反应降至正常以下,但那些能够切断电流的老鼠却没有。他认为,他所证明的是缺乏控制事件的能力会削弱免疫系统,而非经历本身。