Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage ONE

　　Questions21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

　　Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.

　　Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed."

　　The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.

　　Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.

　　On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt notes.

　　For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider. U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems "share our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions" but which are not economic leaders.

　　The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington. "The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision," including the call "to do less, but in greater depth."

　　Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.

　　In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards "face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble ( 嘈杂声)."

　　21. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is

　　A) losing its vitality gradually

　　B) characterized by its diversity

　　C) going downhill in recent years

　　D) focused on tapping students' potential

　　22. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that ________.

　　A) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects

　　B) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachers

　　C) it sets a very low academic standard for students

　　D) it lacks a coordinated national program

　　23. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice ________.

　　A) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics

　　B) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity

　　C) encourages learning both in depth and in scope

　　D) offers an environment for comprehensive education

　　24. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they will

　　A) solve most of the problems in school teaching

　　B) provide depth to school science education

　　C) quickly dominate U.S. educational practice

　　D) be able to meet the demands of the community

　　25. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because ________.

　　A) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards.

　　B) there is always controversy in educational circles

　　C) not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing so

　　D) school districts are responsible for making their own decisions

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