05年大学生英语四级试题第二部分(1)
文章出处： 发布时间：2006-07-09
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)。 You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed "to give children a good start’ academically" as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and math emetics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.
Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
11. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe____.
A) Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs
B) Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D) Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents
12. Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to____.
A) parental guidance
B) problem solving
C) group experience
D) individually-oriented development
13. In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on ____.
A) tapping children’s potential
B) shaping children’s character
C) preparing children academically
D) developing children’s artistic interests
14. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to____.
A) enrich children’s knowledge
B) cultivate children’s creativity
C) broaden children’s horizon
D) lighten children’s study load
15. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?
A) They can do better in their future studies.
B) They can be individually oriented when they grow up.
C) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
D) They can accumulate more group experience there.
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to "light" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts; for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. "Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
16. What is said about the average American in the passage?
A) They usually ignore the ;effect of exercise on losing weight.
B) They prefer "light" beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.
C) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.
D) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of "light" beer.
17. Some people dislike exercise because ____.
A) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome
B) they don’t think it possible to walk 3 miles every day
C) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
D) they think it is physically exhausting
18. "Even exercise professionals concede half a point here" (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They ____”.
A) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one’s new weight
B) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exercise
C) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight
D) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)。 You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed "to give children a good start’ academically" as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and math emetics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.
Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
11. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe____.
A) Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs
B) Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D) Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents
12. Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to____.
A) parental guidance
B) problem solving
C) group experience
D) individually-oriented development
13. In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on ____.
A) tapping children’s potential
B) shaping children’s character
C) preparing children academically
D) developing children’s artistic interests
14. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to____.
A) enrich children’s knowledge
B) cultivate children’s creativity
C) broaden children’s horizon
D) lighten children’s study load
15. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?
A) They can do better in their future studies.
B) They can be individually oriented when they grow up.
C) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
D) They can accumulate more group experience there.
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to "light" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts; for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. "Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
16. What is said about the average American in the passage?
A) They usually ignore the ;effect of exercise on losing weight.
B) They prefer "light" beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.
C) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.
D) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of "light" beer.
17. Some people dislike exercise because ____.
A) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome
B) they don’t think it possible to walk 3 miles every day
C) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
D) they think it is physically exhausting
18. "Even exercise professionals concede half a point here" (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They ____”.
A) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one’s new weight
B) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exercise
C) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight
D) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
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