【考前决战】提高阅读的四个层次(2)
文章出处： 发布时间：2006-07-09
(2)环环相扣型：
我们先看1993年6月份四级阅读的一个句子：At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.该句子相对较长，理解的时候关键是要注意到句子中包含两个定语从句，即“who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account”是用来限定a primary nurse，而“that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state”是限定a full-scale health account的。这里一环扣着一环，使句子变得比较长，这正是环环相扣型句子的特点。理解这样的句子时，一定要有分层的 思想 ，即把长句分割为几个部分分别理解。
再看2002年6月份四级阅读出现的一个长难句：Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.文章后面根据该句子设计了两个题目，所以考生必须要理解这句话。但是由于句子较长，很多同学并不能较好理解该句子。但如果借用分层思想，把句子进行分割解剖，这句话就可以分为以下四个简单的部分：①Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world；②just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war；③as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system；④built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.这样后面的题目也就迎刃而解了。
三、段落
单词和句子是基层的，侧重于理解；而段落是高层的，侧重于理解和概括。在认知单词没有多大问题，理解长难句有一定思路的时候，考生还要锻炼段落的概括能力。从近几年的考试变化来看，推理性题目的数量在增加。推理性的题目难度一大，就会涉及概括能力。而与此时，四级中也存在直接问段落大意的题目，这些都要求考生在理解句子的基础上，再提高一个层次，尝试概括段落主题。
很多情况下，四级阅读段落主题会在段落首句或者末句出现，比如2002年12月份第四篇文章第二段首句：Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well.下面就讲了私有化如何成为(服务水平提高的)动力的。但是，我们也经常遇到段落没有主题句的情况，需要考生自己概括。比如，2003年6月份第一篇末段 ：The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing ‘free time’ watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interesting in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let’s face it, who’s got the time? 本段主要讲小孩子看电视的时间随着自由时间的减少而减少，同时看书时间没有增加。在这个段落中，很难找出一个能概括整段内容的句子，需要考生自己概括。如果考生在平时能锻炼这种能力，在考试中就能较快理解段落的中心思想，从而较快掌握文章脉络。
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