例:1994年1月第63题
Could you find someone________?
A) for me to play tennis with B) for me to play tennis C) play tennis with D) playing tennis
请你找个人来和我打网球。答案是A。
做定语的不定式也可能解释中心词的内容。请看下例:
例:1997年6月四级第47题
The pressure________causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
A) to compete C) to be competed B) competing D) having competed
结合选项看,全句的意思是:"竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛,但也使他们的精神始终处于紧张状态。"名词pressure后应加不定式做定语,说明"pressure"的内容。因此本题答案是A) to compete。选项B) competing是现在分词;D) having competed现在分词的完成式,都不符合语法规定。选项C) to be competed中的Compete是不及物动词,不能用被动语态,所以这三个选项都不正确。
介词+关系代词+不定式可以做定语用,这种用法是一种正式的表达法。我们看下面这个例子:
例:1995年6月四级第50题
You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.
A) there B) them C) which D) where
全句的意思是:"你将需要两棵相距约10英尺的树来挂你的帐篷"。
本句中只有which是关系代词,因此答案是C。
10. 不定式做状语
例:1995年1月四级第48题
________ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree.
A) To become B) Become C) One becomes D) On becoming
答案是A) To become。
11. 介词后的不定式
介词后接不定式只见于少数场合:but后面通常接带to的不定式,包括do nothing but,can not but,can not help but,have no choice but等等。
例:1996年1月四级第24题
That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ____ the police.
A) called in B) calling in C) call in D) to call in
在本句中have no choice but要后接带to的不定式,意思是"只能……别无选择"。全句意思:"那件事事关重大,我别无选择,只好请警察来"。答案是D) to call in。
动名词
1. 动名词,顾名思义,具有双重作用:它既有动词的作用(后面可加自己的宾语),又有名词的作用(可以做句子的主语、宾语等)。
2. 动名词做宾语
1) 有些动词只能接动名词做宾语,而不能接不定式。这是考试中常见的考点。请大家务必多练多用多读多说,尽量培养语感,这比单纯死记硬背这些枯燥的 词汇 要容易得多。
这些动词是:acknowledge, advice, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, allow, bear, can’t help, cease, commence, complete, confess, delay, deny, discourage, detest, dread, endure, enjoy, envy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, figure, finish, imagine, involve, justify, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, quit, recall, repent, require, resent, resume, risk, save等等。