SECTION III

Time-35 minutes

25 Questions

Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the questions. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

Questions 1?

From the tenth century until around the year 1500, there were Norse settlers living in Greenland. During that time, average yearly temperatures fell slightly worldwide, and some people claim that this temperature drop wiped out the Norse settlements by rendering Greenland too cold for human habitation. But this explanation cannot be correct, because Inuit settlers from North America, who were living in Greenland during the time the Norse settlers were there, continued to thrive long after 1500.

1. Which one of the following, if true, most helps explain why the Norse settlements in Greenland disappeared while the Inuit settlements survived?

(A) The drop in average yearly temperature was smaller in Greenland than it was in the world as a whole.

(B) The Norse settlers' diet, unlike that of the Inuit, was based primarily on livestock and crops that were unable to survive the temperature drop.

(C) There were settlements in North America during the fifteenth century that were most likely founded by Norse settlers who had come from Greenland.

(D) The Inuit and the Norse settlements were typically established in coastal areas.

(E) The Norse community in Norway continued to thrive long after 1500.

2. Which one of the following is a technique of reasoning used in the statement?

(A) denying the relevance of an analogy

(B) producing evidence that is inconsistent with the claim being opposed

(C) presenting an alternative explanation that purports to account for more of the known facts

(D) citing a general rule that undermines the claim being opposed

(E) redefining a term in a way that is favorable to the argument抯 conclusion

3. Even though trading in ivory has been outlawed by international agreement, some piano makers still use ivory, often obtained illegally, to cover piano keys. Recently, experts have devised a synthetic ivory that unlike earlier ivory substitutes has found favor with concert pianists throughout the world. But because piano makers have never been major consumers of ivory, the development of the synthetic ivory will therefore probably do little to help curb the killing of elephants, from whose tusks most natural ivory is obtained.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to strengthen the argument?

(A) Most people who play the piano but are not concert pianists can nonetheless easily distinguish between the new synthetic ivory and inferior ivory substitutes.

(B) The new synthetic ivory can be manufactured to resemble in color and surface texture any of the various types of natural ivory that have commercial uses.

(C) Other natural products such as bone or tortoise shell have not proven to be acceptable substitutes for natural ivory in piano keys.

(D) The most common use for natural ivory is in for the quality of their workmanship but also for the authenticity of their materials.

(E) It costs significantly less to produce the new synthetic ivory that it does to produce any of the ivory substitutes that scientists had developed previously.

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