(C) concluding that a view is false on the grounds that its implementation would lead to unhappiness

(D) appealing to wholly irrelevant issues to deflect attention away from the real issue

(E) insisting that an obligation exists without offering any evidence that exists.

5. In defending the Hyperion School of Journalism from charges that its program is of little or no value to its students, the dean of the school pointed to this recent success in placing students: 65 percent of its graduates went on to internships or jobs in print or broadcast journalism.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the defense offered by the dean?

(A) More than half of the school's students came from jobs in journalism to improve their skills.

(B) Some newspaper editors do not regard journalism school as a necessary part of the training of a journalist.

(C) The number of cities with more than one major newspaper has declined sharply over the last 25 years.

(D) The program offered by the Hyperion School of Journalism is similar in quality and content to those offered by its peer institutions.

(E) The proportion of applicants to the Hyperion School of Journalism that are admitted is lower than it was the years ago.

6. The largest volcano on Mars rises 26 Kilometers above the surrounding plain and covers an area roughly the size of Romania. Even if the Earth's gravity were as low as the gravity of Mars, no volcano of such size could exist on Earth, for the Earth's crust, although of essentially the same composition as that of the Mars, is too thin to support even a small fraction of that mass and would buckle under it, causing the mountain to sink.

If the statements above are true , which of following must also be true on the basis of them?

(A) The surface of Mars is less subject to forces of erosion than is the surface of the Earth.

(B) The highest volcanoes on Mars occur where its crust is thickest.

(C) On average, volcanoes on Mars are higher than those on Earth.

(D) The crust of Mars at least at certain points on the planets, is thicker than the crust of the Earth.

(E) At least some of Earth's volcanoes would be larger than they actually are if the Earth's crust were thicker than it is.

7. Speakers of the Caronian language constitute a minority of the population in several large countries. An international body has recommended that the regions where Caronian-speakers live be granted autonomy as an independent nation in which Caronian-speakers would form a majority. But Caronian-speakers live in several, wildly scattered areas that cannot be united within a single continuous boundary while at the same time allowing Caronian-speakers to be the majority population. Hence, the recommendation cannot be satisfied.

The argument relies on which one of the following assumptions?

(A) A nation once existed in which Caronian-speakers formed the majority of the population.

(B) Caronian-speakers tend to perceive themselves as constituting a single community.

(C) The recommendation would not be satisfied by the creation of a nation formed of disconnected regions.

(D) The new Caronian nation will not include as citizens anyone who does not speak Caronian.

(E) In most nations several different languages are spoken.

8. Sociologist: The welfare state cannot be successfully implemented because it rests on the assumption that human beings are unselfish- a seemingly false assumption. The welfare state is feasible only if wage earners are prepared to have their hard-earned funds used to help others in greater need, and that requires an unselfish attitude. But people innately seek their own well being, especially when the interests of others threaten it.

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