SECTION II

Time-35 minutes

24 Questions

Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, More than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, You are to choose the best answer; that is the response that most accurately and completely answers the questions. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous. or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer; blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

1. Walter: Although cigarette smoking is legal, it should be banned on all airline flights. Cigarette smoking in the confines of an aircraft exposes nonsmokers to harmful secondhand smoke that they cannot avoid.

Which one the following principles, if established, would justify the proposal put forth by Walter?

(A) People should be prohibited from engaging in an otherwise legal activity would unavoidable expose others to harm.

(B) An activity should be banned only if most situations in which a person engaged in that activity would inevitably expose others to harm.

(C) A legal activity that has the potential for causing harm to others in certain situations should be modified in those situations to render it harmless.

(D) People who regularly engage in an activity that has the potential for harming others when that activity takes place in certain situations should be excluded from those situations.

(E) If an activity is legal in some situations in which a person's engaging in that activity could harm others, then that activity should be legal in all situations.

2. Physicist: The claim that low-temperature nuclear fusion can be achieved entirely by chemical means is based on chemical experiments in which the measurements and calculations are inaccurate.

Chemist: But your challenge is ineffectual, since you are simply jealous at the thought that chemists might have solved a problem that physicists have been unable to solve.

Which one of the following is the strongest criticism of the chemist's response to the physicist's challenge?

(A) It restates a claim in different words instead of offering evidence for this claim

(B) It fails to establish that perfect accuracy of measurements and calculations is possible.

(C) It confuses two different meanings of the word "solve"

(D) It is directed against the proponent of a claim rather than against the claim itself

(E) It rests on a contradiction

3. A certain stain of bacteria was found in the stomachs of ulcer patients. A medical researcher with no history of ulcers inadvertently ingested some of the bacteria and within weeks developed an ulcer. Therefore, it is highly likely that the bacteria strain induces ulcers.

Which one of the following, if true, most supports the argument above?

(A) People who have the bacteria strain in their stomachs have been found to have no greater incidence of kidney disease that do people who lack the bacteria strain.

(B) The researcher did not develop any other serious health problems within a year after ingesting the bacteria strain.

(C) There is no evidence that the bacteria strain induces ulcers in laboratory animals.

(D) A study of 2000 people who do not have ulcers found that none of these people had the bacteria strain in their stomachs.

4. A recent study monitored the blood pressure of people petting domestic animals in the laboratory. The blood pressure of some of these people lowered while petting the animals. Therefore, for anyone of the people so affected, owning a pet would result in that person having a lower average blood pressure.

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