4. Which one of the following is an assumption on which Kim's argument depends?

(A) Replacing gasoline-powered cars with battery-powered electric cars will lead to a net increase in the total number of cars on the road

(B) Gasoline-powered cars are currently not the most significant source of fossil-fuel pollution

(C) Replacing gasoline-powered cars with battery-powered electric cars is justified only if electric cars produce less air pollution

(D) While it is being operated, a battery-powered electric car does not cause any significant air pollution

(E) At least some of the generating facilities built to meet the demand for electricity for battery-powered electric cars would be of a type that burns fossil fuel

5. Planetary bodies differ from one another in their composition, but most of those in the Solar System have solid surfaces. Unless the core of such a planetary body generates enough heat to cause volcanic action, the surface of the body will not be renewed for millions of years. Any planetary body with a solid surface whose surface is not renewed for millions of years becomes heavily pockmarked by meteorite craters, just like the Earth's Moon. Some old planetary bodies in the Solar System, such as Europa, a very cold moon belonging to Jupiter, have solid icy surfaces with very few meteorite craters.

If the claims above are true, which one of the following must, on the basis of them, be true?

(A) The Earth's Moon does not have an icy surface

(B) If a planetary body does not have a heavily pockmarked surface, its core does not generate enough heat to cause volcanic action

(C) Some planetary bodies whose cores generate enough heat to cause volcanic action do not have solid icy surfaces

(D) Some of Jupiter's moons are heavily pockmarked by meteorite craters

(E) Some very cold planetary bodies have cores that generate enough heat to cause volcanic action

6. Patient: Pharmacists maintain that doctors should not be permitted to sell the medicine that they prescribe because doctors would then be tempted to prescribe unnecessary medicines in order to earn extra income. But pharmacists have a financial interest in having a monopoly on the sale of prescription medicines, so their objection to the sale of medicines by doctors cannot be taken seriously

The patient's argument proceeds by

(A) pointing out an unstated assumption on which the pharmacists?argument relies and then refuting it

(B) attempting to discredit a position by questioning the motives of the proponents of that position

(C) undermining the pharmacists' conclusion by demonstrating that one of the statements used to support the conclusion is false

(D) rejecting a questionable position on the grounds that the general public does not support that position

(E) asserting that pharmacists lack the appropriate knowledge to have informed opinions on the subject under discussion

7. Murray: You claim Senator Brandon has accepted gifts from lobbyists. You are wrong to make this criticism. That it is motivated by personal dislike is shown by the fact that you deliberately avoid criticizing other politicians who have done what you accuse Senator Brandon of doing.

Jan: You are right that I dislike Senator Brandon, but just because I have not criticized the same failing in others doesn't' mean you can excuse the senator's offense.

If Murray and Jane are both sincere in what they say, then it can properly be concluded that they agree that

(A) Senator Brandon has accepted gifts from lobbyists

(B) It is wrong for politicians to accept gifts from lobbyists

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