Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument's stated conclusion?

(A) The new post office will have to be built in accordance with a demanding new citywide building code.

(B) If the new post office is built on the outskirts of town, it will require a parking lot, but if sited near the present post office it will not.

(C) If the new post office is built on the outskirts of town, current city bus routes will have to be expanded to provide access.

(D) If the new post office is built on the outskirts of town, residents will make decreased use of post office boxes, with the result that mail carriers will have to deliver more mail to homes.

(E) If the new post office is built near the center of town, disruptions to city traffic would have to be minimized by taking such steps as doing some construction work in stages at night and on weekends.

8. in the past, the railroads in Ostronia were run as regional monopolies and operated with little regard for what customers wanted. In recent years, with improvements to the Ostronian national highway network the railroad companies have faced heavy competition from long-distance trucking companies. But because of government subsidies that have permitted Ostronian railroad companies to operate even while incurring substantial losses, the companies continue to disregard customers' needs and desires.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?

(A) If the government of Ostronia ceases to subsidize railroad companies. few of those companies will continue to operate.

(B) Few companies in Ostronia that have received subsidies from the government have taken the needs and desires of their customers into account.

(C) Without government subsidies, railroad companies in Ostronia would have to increase the prices they charge their customers.

(D) The transportation system in Ostronia is no more efficient today than it was in the past.

(E) In recent years, some companies in Ostronia that have had little regard for the desires of their customers have nonetheless survived.

9. Although Damon had ample time earlier in the month to complete the paper he is scheduled to present at a professional conference tomorrow morning he repeatedly put off doing it. Damon could still get the paper ready in time, but only if he works on it all evening without interruption. However, his seven-year-old daughter's tap-dance recital takes place this evening and Damon had promised both to attend and to take his daughter and her friends out for ice cream afterward. Thus, because of his procrastination. Damon will be forced to choose between his professional and his family responsibilities.

The argument proceeds by

(A) providing evidence that one event will occur in order to establish that an alterative event cannot occur

(B) showing that two situations are similar in order to justify the claim that someone with certain responsibilities in the first situation has similar responsibilities in the second situation

(C) invoking sympathy for someone who finds himself in a dilemma in order to excuse that person's failure to meet all of his responsibilities

(D) making clear the extent to which someone's actions resulted in harm to others in order to support the claim that those actions were irresponsible

(E) demonstrating that two situations cannot both occur by showing that something necessary for one of those situations is incompatible with something necessary for the other situation

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