If the statements above are true, they provide the most support for which one of the following?

(A) Neptune is somewhat larger than scientists once believed it to be

(B) The orbit of Neptune is considerably more irregular than scientists once thought it was

(C) There exists another as yet undiscovered planet with an orbit beyond that of Pluto

(D) The gravitational pull of Pluto is not the sole cause of Neptune's irregular orbit

(E) Further observations of Pluto will eventually show it to be even smaller than it is now thought to be

Questions 14-15

In most corporations the salaries of executives are set by a group from the corporation's board of directors. Since the board's primary mission is to safeguard the economic health of the corporation rather than to make its executives rich, this way of setting executives salaries is expected to prevent excessively large salaries. But, clearly, this expectation is based on poor reasoning After all, most members of a corporation's board are themselves executives of some corporation and can expect to benefit from setting generous benchmarks for executives salaries.

14. The point made by the author is that the most common way of setting executives salaries might not keep those salaries in bounds because

(A) most corporals executives, thanks to their generous salaries, are not financially dependent on money earned as board members

(B) most corporals executives might be less generous in setting their own salaries than the board members actually setting them are

(C) many board members might let their self-interest as executives interfere with properly discharging their role as board members in setting executives salaries

(D) many board members who set executives salaries unreasonably high do so because they happen to be on the board of a corporation of which they expect later to become executives

(E) many board members are remunerated generously and wish to protect this source of income by pleasing the executives to whom they owe their appointments on the board

15. Which one of the following practices is vulnerable to a line of criticism most parallel to that used in the argument in the passage?

(A) in medical malpractice suits giving physicians not directly involved in a suit a major role in determining the damages due to successful plaintiffs

(B) in a legislature, allowing the legislators to increase their own salaries only if at least two-thirds of them vote in favor of an increase

(C) to work both fast an accurately by paying them by the piece but counting only pieces of acceptable quality

(D) in a sports competition decided by judges scores selecting the judges from among people retired from that sport after successful careers

(E) in a business organization distributing a group bonus among the members of a task force on the basis of a confidential evaluation by each member of the contribution made by each of the others.

15. Consumer advocate: One advertisement that is deceptive, and thus morally wrong, states that gram for gram, the refined sugar used in out chocolate pies is no more fattening than the sugars found in fruits and vegetables" This is like trying to persuade someone that chocolate pies are not fattening by saying that, calorie for calorie they are no more fattening than celery True but it would take a whole shopping cart full of celery to equal a chocolate pie's worth of calories. Advertiser: This advertisement cannot be called deceptive. It is, after all true. Which one of the following principles, if established would do most to support the consumer advocate's position against the advertiser's response? It is morally wrong to seek to persuade by use of deceptive statements A true statement should be regarded as deceptive only if the person making the statement believes it to be false, and thus intends the people reading or hearing it to acquire a false belief. To make statements that impart only a small proportion of the information in one's possession should not necessarily be regarded as deceptive It is morally wrong to make a true statement in a manner that will deceive hearers or readers of the statement into believing that it is false a true statement should be regarded as deceptive if it is made with the expectation that people hearing or reading the statement will draw a false conclusion from it. 3-2 16 1

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