(A) Someone's potential earnings may be affected by other variables, like wealth or intelligence, that are also associated with college attendance.

(B) Someone who attends graduate school will be rich.

(C) Someone who attends graduate school will earn more money than someone who does not.

(D) Someone who attends college will earn more money than someone who does not attend college.

(E) Some who attends college will earn more money only because she does attend college.

12. According to the author Professor Walker believes that

(A) women who toe out age more rapidly than women who do not

(B) most women toe out as they grow older because age increases the angle between the feet.

(C) Older women tend to walk with a greater angle between the feet

(D) Toeing out is the reason why women grow old

(E) A causal relationship must exist whenever two things vary together

13. The author would reject all the following statements about cause-effect relationships as explanations for the statistics that show an increase in cancer rates EXCEPT that the

(A) Ceylongese drink more milk than the English

(B) Swiss produce and consume large quantities of dairy products

(C) Women of New England drink more milk than the women who live in some states of the southern United States

(D) People of Wisconsin have relatively high life expectancies

(E) People who live in some states of the southern United States have relatively high life expectancies

14. How would the author be most likely to explain the correlation between the " salaries of California school teachers [and the] profits of Nevada gambling halls" (Lines 63-64)?

(A) There is a positive correlation that is probably due to California teachers' working in Las Vegas on weekends to increase both their salaries and increase both their salaries and Nevada's gambling profits.

(B) There is a positive correlation that is probably linked to general economic trends, put no direct causal relationship exists.

(C) There is a negative correlation that is probably linked to general economic trends, but no direct causal relationship exists.

(D) There is a negative correlation because the element that controls Las Vegas gambling probably has agents in the California school system.

(E) The author would deny the existence of any correlation whatsoever.

In most developed countries, men have higher salaries, on average, than women. Much of the salary differential results from the tendency of women to be in lower-paying occupations. The question of whether this occupational employment pattern can be attributed to sex discrimination is a complex one. In fact, wage differentials among occupations are the norm rather than the exception. Successful athletes commonly earn more than Nobel Prize-winning academics; gifted artists often cannot earn enough to survive, while mediocre investment bankers prosper. Given such differences, the question naturally arises: talent and ability being equal why does anyone-man or woman-enter a low-paying occupation? One obvious answer is personal choice. An individual may prefer, for example, to teach math at a modest salary rather than to become a more highly paid electrical engineer.

Some people argue that personal choice also explains sex-related wage differentials, According to this explanation, many women, because they place a high priority on parenting and performing household services, choose certain careers in which they are free to enter and leave the work force with minimum penalty. They may choose to acquire skills, such as typing and salesclerking that do not depreciate rapidly with temporary absences from the work force. They may avoid occupational specialties that require extensive training periods, long and unpredictable hours, and willingness to relocate, all of which make specialization in domestic activities problematic. By choosing to invest less in developing their career potential and to expend less effort outside the home, women must, according to this explanation, pay a price in the from of lower salaries. But women cannot be considered the victims of discrimination because they prefer the lower-paving occupations to higher-paying ones.

共7页: 上一页 [1] [2] [3] 4 [5] [6] [7] 下一页