I -ED分词的用法

　　一、-ED分词作表语

　　The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.

　　已经形容词化了的-ED分词大都作表语，常见的有：accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, deserted, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, dressed, drunk, exhausted, excited, experienced, fadded, fascinated, frightened, hurt, inexperienced, interested, known, learned, lost, married, pleased, puzzled, qualified, satisfied, surprised, tired, unprepared, unqualified, unkown, upset, worried, wounded等。

　　二、作定语的-ED分词

　　-ED分词可以作前置定语也可以作后置定语，作后置定语时相当于一个定语从句

　　1) Commercial banks make most of their income ____　from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
　　［A］ earn 　　　　　　［B］ earned
　　［C］ to earn　　　　　［D］ was earned

　　2) On his return from his college, he found the house ____ .
　　［A］ deserting　　　　　　［B］ deserted
　　［C］ desert　　　　　　　 ［D］ to be deserted

　　3) The age ［A］ of a geological sample can be estimated ［B］ from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present ［C］ in the object is examined ［D］ .

　　三、用作状语的-ED分词

　　这样的-ED分词通常来自及物动词。-ED分词用作状语时，跟-ING分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ED分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when,while,if,as if,though。这时，我们可以把-ED分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。

　　1. 表示时间

　　4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901，____　focused on domestic rather than oreign policies.
　　［A］ William McKinley’s new term looked forward to and
　　［B］ the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
　　［C］ looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
　　［D］ William McKinley looked forward to a new term

　　2. 表示条件

　　5)　____ under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.
　　［A］ Seen 　　　　　　［B］ Sees
　　［C］ Seeing　　　　　 ［D］ To see

　　6) ____　to steel，chromium(铬) increases the metal’s hardness.
　　［A］ Added 　　　　　［B］ In addition
　　［C］ Adding　　　　　［D］ Adds

　　7) ____　enough food and water, they could have beaten the enemy.
　　［A］ Being given　　　　 ［B］ Given
　　［C］ Give　　　　　　　　［D］ To give

　　3. 表示原因

　　8) Encouraged by his mother，____.
　　［A］ art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
　　［B］ Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
　　［C］ the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
　　［D］ John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.

　　9) ____　by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.
　　［A］ Angering 　　　　　　［B］ Having angered
　　［C］ Being angry　　　　　［D］ Angered

　　10) Written in great haste, ____.
　　［A］ Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report
　　［B］ there are plenty of errors in the report
　　［C］ we found several mistakes in his report