8. The word "welded" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

　　(a) squeezed

　　(b) bound

　　(c) added

　　(d) stirred

　　9. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a new form of musical expression?

　　(a) the use of cornets

　　(b) "hot Jazz"

　　(c) improvisation

　　(d) New Orleans

　　10. The word "skeletal" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

　　(a) framework

　　(b) musical

　　(c) basic

　　(d) essential

　　11. Which one of the terms is defined in the passage?

　　(a) "improvisation" (line 12)

　　(b) "traditional" (line 12)

　　(c) "composer" (line 12)

　　(d) "score" (line 14)