6.Which of the following processes does the author imply was done by both men and women?
(A) Clearing fields
(B) Planting corn
(C) Harvesting corn
(D) harvesting squash.
7.The word "disaster" in line 31 is closest in meaning to
(A)control
(B)catastrophe
(C)avoidance
(D)history
8. According to the passage, the Mandans preserved their food by
(A)smoking
(B)drying
(C)freezing.
(D)salting
9.The word "it" in line 34 refers to
(A)June
(B)corn
(C)time
(D)squash
10.Which of the following crops was cultivated primarily by men
(A) Corn
(B)Squash
(C)Sunflower
(D)Tobacco
11.Throughout the passage, the author implies that the Mandans
(A)planned for the future
(B) valued individuality
(C)were open to strangers
(D)were very adventurous
Questions 12-20
The elements other than hydrogen and helium exist in
such small quantities that it is accurate to say that the universe
somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and
somewhat less than 25 percent hydrogen.
Astronomers have measured the abundance of helium
throughout our galaxy and in other galaxies as well. Helium
has been found In old stars, in relatively young ones, in interstellar
gas, and in the distant objects known as quasars. Helium
nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic
rays that fall on the earth (cosmic "rays" are not really a form
of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles of numerous
different kinds). It doesn t seem to make very much difference
where the helium is found. Its relative abundance never
seems to vary much. In some places, there may be slightly
more of it; In others, slightly less, but the ratio of helium to
hydrogen nuclei always remains about the same.
Helium is created in stars. In fact, nuclear reactions that
convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the
energy that stars produce. However, the amount of helium that
could have been produced in this manner can be calculated,
and it turns out to be no more than a few percent. The
universe has not existed long enough for this figure to be
significantly greater. Consequently, if the universe is somewhat
more than 25 percent helium now, then it must have been
about 25 percent helium at a time near the beginning..
However, when the universe was less than one minute
old, no helium could have existed. Calculations indicate that
before this time temperatures were too high and particles of
matter were moving around much too rapidly. It was only
after the one-minute point that helium could exist. By this time,
the universe had cooled sufficiently that neutrons and protons
could stick together. But the nuclear reactions that led to the
formation of helium went on for only a relatively short time.
By the time the universe was a few minutes old, helium
production had effectively ceased.