11. Which of the following questions 12. The word "hardiest" in line I is
does the passage answer? closest in meaning to
(A) Where can the oldest lichens (A) most unusual
be found? (B) most basic
(B) How long does it take for (C) most abundant
lichens to establish (D) most vigorous
themselves?
(C) How large can lichens he?
(D) Where do lichens usually
occur?
13. The word "framework" in line 5 is 18. All of the following are mentioned
closest in meaning to in the discussion of lichens EXCEPT:
(A) structure (A) They are capable of producing
(a) fragment their own food.
(C) condition (B)They require large amounts of
(D)environment minerals lo prosper.
(C)They are a union of two
14, The author mentions "the green film separate plants.
of plant life that grows on stagnant (D) They can live thousands of
pools" (lines 6-7) in order to explain years.
(A) how the sun affects lichens 19. What does the phrase "lichen
(B) why plants depend on water colonies (line 19)suggest?
(C) where fungi become algae
(D) what algae arc (A) Nothing but lichens live in
some locations.
15. It can be inferred from the passage (B) Many lichens live together in
that lichens use less energy and one area.
grow more slowly when (C) Lichens displace the plants
&nbs, p; that surround them.
(A) the environment is polluted (D)Certain groups of lichens have
(B) they are exposed to ultraviolet never been separated.
rays
(C) they are very old 20. The word "encounter" in line 21 is
(D) the supply of water is closest in meaning to
inadequate
(A) lose
16: Which of file following terms is (B) support
defined in the passage? (C) meet
(A) "anchors" (line 6) (D) create
(B) "stagnant" (line 7) 21. The word "these" in line 24 refers to
(C) "dew" (line 14.)
(D) "ultraviolet" (line 16) (A)partners
(B) buds
17. The word "prolonged" in line 13 is (C) lichens
closest in meaning to (D) animals
(A)precise
(B) extended
(C) approximate
(D)regular
Question 22-31
The languages spoken by early Europeans are still shrouded in mystery. There is no
linguistic continuity between the languages of Old Europe (a term sometimes used for
Europe between 7000 and 3000 B.C.) and the languages of the modem world, and we
Line cannot yet translate the Old European script, Scholars have deciphered other ancient
5 languages, such as Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian, which used the cuneiform
script, because of the fortuitous discovery of bilingual inscriptions, When cuneiform
tablets were first discovered in the eighteenth century, scholars could not decipher them.
Then inscriptions found in baa at the end of the eighteenth century provided a link: these
inscriptions were written in cuneiform and in two other ancient languages, Old Persian
10 and New Elamite--languages that had already been deciphered. It took several decades,
but scholars eventually translated the ancient cuneiform script via the more familiar
Old Persian language: