39. Why does the author mention "dead insects" in line 23 ?

　　(A) To compare the social behaviors of ants with those of other insects

　　(B) To emphasize the dangers that all insects encounter

　　(C) To argue the superiority of ants over other insects

　　(D) To indicate a behavior that is common among various kinds of ants

　　40. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?

　　(A) pheromones (line 2)

　　(B) colony integrity (lines 11-12)

　　(C) mass migrations (line 14)

　　(D) private messages (lines 18-19)

　　Questions 41-50

　　The Homestead Act of 1862 gave beads of families or individuals aged twenty-one or

　　older the right to own 160 acres of public land in the western United States after five years

　　of residence and improvement. This law was intended to provide land for small farmers

　　Line and to prevent land from being bought for resale at a profit or being owned by large

　　(5)  landholders. An early amendment to the act even prevented husbands and wives from

　　filing separate claims. The West, land reformers had assumed, would soon contain many

　　160-acre family farms.

　　They were doomed to disappointment. Most landless Americans were too poor to

　　become farmers even when they could obtain land without cost. The expense of moving a

　　(10) family to the ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of many, and the cost of tools,

　　draft animals, a wagon, a well, fencing, and of building the simplest house, might come

　　to $1,000——a formidable barrier. As for the industrial workers for whom the free land was

　　supposed to provide a "safety valve," they had neither the skills nor the inclination to

　　become farmers. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier

　　(15) conditions. And despite the intent of the law, speculators often managed to obtain large

　　tracts. They hired people to stake out claims, falsely swear that they had fulfilled the

　　conditions laid down in the law for obtaining legal title, and then deed the land over to

　　their employers.

　　Furthermore, 160 acres were not enough for raising livestock or for the kind of

　　(20) commercial agriculture that was developing west of the Mississippi. The national

　　government made a feeble attempt to make larger holdings available to homesteaders

　　by passing the Timber Culture Act of 1873, which permitted individuals to claim an

　　additional 160 acres if they would agree to plant a quarter of it in trees within ten years.

　　This law proved helpful to some farmers in the largely treeless states of Kansas,

　　(25) Nebraska, and the Dakotas. Nevertheless, fewer than 25 percent of the 245,000 who

　　took up land under the Act obtained final title to the property.

　　41. Which aspect of the Homestead Act of

　　1862 does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) How it transformed the western United States into a place of small farms

　　(B) Why it was an improvement over previous attempts at land reform

　　(C) Why it did not achieve its aim to provide land for small farmers

　　(D) How it failed in the largely treeless states of Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas

　　42. An amendment added to the Homestead Act of 1862 specified that

　　(A) five years of residence was required for landownership

　　(B) husbands and wives could not file separate claims

　　(C) the price of 160 acres of land was $1,000

　　(D) land could not be resold for a profit

　　43. The word "formidable" in line 12 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) obvious

　　(B) predictable

　　(C) difficult

　　(D) manageable

　　44. It can be inferred that the "safety valve" in line 13 refers to

　　(A) a new kind of machinery

　　(B) an alternative for urban workers

　　(C) an area in a factory

　　(D) a procedure designed to protect workers

　　45. The word "intent" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) purpose

　　(B) power

　　(C) effect

　　(D) invention

　　46. According to the passage, why did the government pass the Timber Culture Act of 1873 ?

　　(A) To make larger tracts of land available to small farmers

　　(B) To settle Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas

　　(C) To encourage land speculation west of the Mississippi

　　(D) To increase the variety of trees growing in the western states

　　47. The word "they"in line 23 refers to

　　(A) larger holdings

　　(B) individuals

　　(C) 160 acres

　　(D) trees

　　48. According to the passage, how many of the farmers who settled land under the Timber Culture

　　Act of 1873 received final title to the property?

　　(A) Fewer than 25%

　　(B) More than 160

　　(C) 10% per year

　　(D) 245,000

　　49. The passage mentions all of the following as reasons the Homestead Act of 1862 did not

　　achieve its aims EXCEPT:

　　(A) Most landless Americans could not afford the necessary tools and provisions.

　　(B) Industrial workers lacked the necessary fanning skills.

　　(C) The farms were too large for single families to operate successfully.

　　(D) Homesteaders usually came from areas relatively close to the frontier.

　　50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Timber Culture Act of 1873?

　　(A) It especially helped farmers with large holdings of land.

　　(B) It was most important to farmers living in states that had plenty of trees.

　　(C) The majority of farmers did not benefit significantly from it.

　　(D) The majority of farmers did not need the extra 160 acres it provided.

　　TWE

　　When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the customs of the new

　　country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer? Support your answer with specific details.

　　answer

　　CBACB ACBCB DDADB ABBCD ADBAA DCABC CCBAC BDADB AADBB BADBC

　　BCDBC ADCCB CACDC DBDCB BDADB DBDAA CADCD CBDBC

　　BDBCC ACAAC ABCDA AABDB BACCD BBBCB BDCCC ADBDA CBCDA ABACC

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