27.What is one of the advantages of the Academy-Institute awards mentioned in passage?
(A) They are subsidized by the government.
(B)They are often given to unknown artists.
(C)They are also given to Academy-Istitute members.
(D) They influence how the National Endowment for the Arts makes its award decisions.
28. The word "rotates" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) alternates
(B) participates
(C) decides
(D) meets
29. The word "they" in line 25 refers to
(A) Mildred and Harold Strauss
(B) years
(C) writers
(D) plays
30. Where in the passage does the author cite the goal of the Academy-Institute?
(A) Lines 1-3
(B) Lines 12-13
(C) Line 19-20
(D) Line 22-23.
Questions 31-41
Archaeological records-paintings, drawings and carvings of humans engaged in
activities involving the use of hands-indicate that humans have been predominantly
right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the
right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the examples. Fracture
or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-handed.
Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human
hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the
other. Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With
few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnans are displayed on cave walls, indicating that
the paintings were usually done by right-handers.
Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors
back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from
flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements flaked with a
clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from
those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).
Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought
to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone
knives, as do the present-day Inuit. Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on
the users teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right stroke direction (by right-handers)
are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).
Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical
differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle
physical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between the
hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific
activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right- or left-sided
dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens. Population of Neanderthals,
such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis, seem to have been predominantly
right-handed, as we are.