Question 13-22
One of the most important social developments that
helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of
public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950’s
and 1960’s on the schools. In the 1920’s, but especially in
the Depression conditions of the 1930’s, the United States
experienced a declining birth rate -every thousand women aged
fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in
1920, 89.2 in 1930, 75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940. With the
growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and
the economic boom that followed it, young people married and
established households earlier and began to raise larger families
than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates
rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in
1955. Although economics was probably the most important
determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom.
The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps
to explain this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began
streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940’s and became a
flood by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself
overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of
wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made
the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood. The
wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between
1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom
times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their
profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.
Therefore, in the 1950’s and 1960’s, The baby boom
hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently,
the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930’s and early 1940’s no
longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and
older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could
no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find
space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.
With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen
interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades
and back to basic academic skills and discipline. The system no
longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and
extra services to older youths.
13.What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The teaching profession during the baby boom
(B) Birth rates in the United States in the 1930’s and 1940’s
(C) The impact of the baby boom on public education
(D) The role of the family in the 1950’s and 1960’s
14.The word "it" in line 15 refers to
(A) 1955
(B) economics
(C) the baby boom
(D) value
15.The word "overtaxed" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) well prepared
(B) plentifully supplied
(C) heavily burdened
(D) charged too much
16.The public schools of the 1950’s and 1960’ faced all of the following problems EXCEPT
(A) a declining number of students
(B) old-fashioned facilities
(C) a shortage of teachers
(D) an inadequate number of school buildings