Questions 23-32
Nineteenth-century writers in the United States,
whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems, or plays,
were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden year. In
fact, writes responded to the railroads as soon as the first
were built in the 1830’s. By the 1850’s, the railroad was a
major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph
Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau saw the railroad
both as a boon to democracy and as an object of suspicion. The
railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature; furthermore,
in its manifestation of speed and noise, it might be a despoiler
of human nature as well. By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there
was a great distrust among writer and intellectuals of the rapid
industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force.
Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented
the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding
traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued
among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century
and into the twentieth.
For the most part, the literature in which the railroad
plays an important role belong to popular culture rather than to
the realm of serious art. One thinks of melodramas, boys’
books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of
the first rank. In the railroads’ prime years, between 1890
and 1920, there were a few individuals in the United States,
most of them with solid railroading experience behind them,
who made a profession of writing about railroading-works
offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs.
These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a
genre, the "railroad novel." are now mostly forgotten, their
names having faded from memory. But anyone who takes the
time to consult their fertile writings will still find a treasure
trove of information about the place of the railroad in the lift
of the United States.
23.With which of the following topics is the passage mainly concerned?
(A) The role of the railroad in the economy of the United States.
(B) Major nineteenth-century writers.
(C) The conflict between expanding industry and preserving nature.
(D) The railroad as a subject for literature.
24.The word "it" in line 10 refers to
(A) railroad
(B) manifestation
(C) speed
(D) nature
25.In the first paragraph, the author implies that writers’ reactions to the development of railroads were
(A) highly enthusiastic
(B) both positive and negative
(C) unchanging
(D) disinterested
26.The word "lamented" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) complained about
(B) analyzed
(C) explained
(D) reflected on
27.According to the passage, the railroad played a significant role in literature in all of the following kinds of books EXCEPT
(A) thrillers
(B) boys’ books
(C) important novels
(D) romances