1.含并列连词AND BUT OR的平行结构
解题要点当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时,这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分,多是考试焦点。
全真例题分析
(1) QUARTZ MAY BE TRANSPARENCY, TRANSLUCENT, OR OPAQUE, AND IT MAY BE COLORLESS OR COLORED (91.5)
[答案> A并列连词OR连接三项,其中两项为形容词TRANSLUCENT与OPAQUE,故(A)应用形容词TRANSPARENT与之并列。
(2) AT THE AGE OF 94. COMPOSER, CONDUCTOR. ARRANGER. AND ACTING EVA JESSYE LED HER CHORALSGROUPSIN THE FIRST PRODUCTION OF THE OPERA PORGY AND BESS, WRITTEN IN 1935. (92.1)
[答案> A并列连词AND连接四项表示身份职业的名词,故(A)动名词应改为ACTRESS。
(3) ATROPHY IS A DECREASE IN SIZE OF A CELL, ORGAN, TISSUES, OR OTHER PART OF THE BODY SUCH AS (91.10)
[答案> C并列连词OR连接四项名词结构,其中CELL和ORGAN皆为单数形式,故(C)亦应改为单数TISSUE。
(4) DIRECT MAIL ADVERTISING SERVES TO ACQUAINT CUSTOMERS WITH PRODUCTS, ALERT THEM TO NEW OPPORTUNITIES, AND PAVING THE WAY FOR OTHER SALES ACTIVITIES (93.1)
[答案> C并列连词AND连接三项动宾结构,前两项均为动词原形,故(C)动名词亦应改为原形动词PAVE.
(5) A MAJORITY OF THE REPORTS RECEIVED FROM PEOPLE CLAIMING TO HAVE SEEN THE LENGENDAIY LOCH NESS MONSTER HAVE PROVEN TO BE MISTAKES, MISCONCEPTIONS, OR THEY WERE BEING TRICKED. (93.10)
[答案> D并列连词OR连接三项成分。前两项均为名词,故(D)不应出现句子结构,而应改为名词TRICKS与前面的MISTAKES和MISCONCEPTIONS平行。
(6) THE TONGUE IS CAPABLE OF MANY MOTIONS AND CONFIGURATIONS AND PLAYS VITAL RODE IN CHEWING, SWALLOWED AND SPEAKING.
[答案> D并列连词AND连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词,故(D)亦应改为动名词SWALLOWING。
2.比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等,比较范围相当。
全真列题分析
(1) PROBABLY NO MAN HAD MORE EFFCET ON THE DAILY LIVES OF MOST PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES ------- HENRY FORD. A PIONEER IN AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION.
(A) AS WAS
(B) THAN WAS
(C) THAN DID
(D) AS DID (92.8)
[答案> C比较句型MORE…THAN要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式HAD,故选(C)THAN DID与之平行。
(2) THE STATE OF MAINE GENERALLY HAS COOLER TEMPERATURES THAN -------
(A) THERE ARE MOST OTHER STATES
(B) MOST OTHER STATES WHICH HAVE
(C) MOST OTHER STATES HAVE
(D)SHAVINGSMOST OTHER STATES (93.10)
[答案> C这是标准的MORE…THAN比较句型。只有(C)的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。
(3) THE ANNUAL WORTH OF UTAH*S MANUFACTURING IS GREATER THAN-------
(A) THAT OF ITS MINING AND FARMING COMBINED
(B) MINING AND FARMING COMBINATION
(C) THAT MINING AND FARMING COMBINED
(D) OF ITS COMBINATION MINING AND FARMING (91.8)
[答案> A此句比较的是UTAH的年产值(THE ANNUAL WORTH) (A)中THAT即代替了THE ANNUAL WORTH,故前后比较的范围,内容一致。
(4) THE ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETING RESEARCHER ARE FREQUENTLY MUCH BROADER THAN-------
(A) THE DOMESTIC MARKETER HAS
(B) THE DOMESTIC MARKETER DOES
(C) THOSE OF THE DOMESTIC MARKETER
(D) THAT WHICH HAS THE DOMESTIC MARKETER (91.5)
[答案> C此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动(THE ACTIVITIES)为避免同词重复,用(C)THOSE来代替前面的名词THE ACTIVITIES ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。
(5) FRUCTOSE IS A MONOSACCHARIDE SUGAR THAT IS MUCH SWEETER -------
(A) THAN CANE SUGAR DOES
(B) DOES CANE SUGAR
(C) CANE SUGAR
(D) THAN CANE SUGAR (90.5)
[答案> D此比较句型前半部分主系表结构,后半部不可出现助动词DOES(答案A及B),但可省略系词,如(D)。
3.比较句型THE +比较级…THE+比较级要求前后结构相等。
全真例题分析
(1) THE FLATTER A HAIR APPEARS UNDER A MICROSCOPE ------- WAVIER IT IS.