surging--- To increase suddenly. Used of electric current or voltage猛增=accelerating

　　surpass--- To be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed胜过=exceed, outrun

　　sustain--- To keep in existence; maintain继续生存；维持=maintain

　　sustenance--- Something, especially food, that sustains life or health营养物，尤指食物=fare Food and drink; diet食物和饮料

　　Means of livelihood生计=livelihood

　　supplement---Something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole补充物，用来完成某事、补充不足、扩展或加强=extension

　　An addition that increases the area, influence, operation, or contents of something扩大

　　supreme---Greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or achievement最重要的=outstanding

　　succinct---Characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse简明的=concise

　　sufficient---Being as much as is needed充足的=adequate

　　sumptuous---Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish豪华的；花费奢侈的=luxurious

　　substantial--Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent有重大价值的=considerable Worthy of consideration; significant重要的

　　substitute---One that takes the place of another; a replacement代用品=replacement, in place of代替

　　subsidize---To assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助=finance To supply funds to给…提供资金

　　subtle--So slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive纤细的，细小的=slight

　　submit---提出，提交=present提出；呈递

　　subsidy---Monetary assistance granted by a government to a person orsgroupsin support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest补助金=financing融通资金

　　subject to ---在...条件下;易受...的侵袭;受控制=expose to, susceptible to

　　stretch---A continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse连续不断的长度，地区或空间=span The extent or measure of space between two points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth跨度两点或两端间的空间

　　strike---To engage in a strike against an employer罢工=walkout

　　To come to; attain来到；到达= make contact with

　　striking--- Arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind.惹人注目的=prominent Immediately noticeable; conspicuous显眼的

　　stringent--- Imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe严格的=strict

　　stimulus--- Something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive激发物=motivate

　　strain ---To pull, draw, or stretch tight拉紧=tension The act or process of stretching something tight拉紧

　　stationary--- Not capable of being moved; fixed不能被移动的；固定的=fixed, immobile

　　status---Position relative to that of others; standing地位=standing

　　sticky---shavingsthe property of adhering or sticking to a surface; adhesive粘的=adhere, cement

　　staple--- A basic or principal element or feature主要成分，基本成分=basic element

　　squirt--- To issue forth in a thin forceful stream or jet; spurt喷=spurt out v.喷出

　　staggering-- Causing great astonishment, amazement, or dismay; overwhelming令人大为吃惊、惊讶或沮丧的；使束手无策的=overwhelming

　　spur--- To incite or stimulate刺激，鞭策=stimulate

　　speculate about--- To assume to be true without conclusive evidence推测=hypothesize To assert as a hypothesis假设

　　spinal---Of, relating to, or situated near the spine or spinal cord; vertebral脊柱的=backbone

　　spark--- To set in motion; activate发动；触发=bring about引起;致使;造成;达成

　　spawn--- To give rise to; engender造成；使产生=create

　　solemn--- Deeply earnest, serious, and sober庄严的，极认真的，严肃的=serious

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