VOICE ONE:
This is Shirley Griffith.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Steve Ember with the VOA Special English history program, THE MAKING OF A NATION. Today, we continue the story of the United States during the middle of the last century.
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VOICE ONE:
Franklin Pierce was elected president in eighteen-fifty-two. He was forty-eight years old, one of America’s youngest presidents.
Pierce was the compromise candidate of the Democratic Party. He won the nomination on the forty-ninth ballot at the party’s convention. He then won a large victory over the candidate of the Whig Party, General Winfield Scott, in the general election. One of Pierce’s friends, writer Nathaniel Hawthorne, helped him with his campaign.
VOICE TWO:
Franklin Pierce was from the northeastern state of New Hampshire. He was a lawyer and former state lawmaker. He also had served in the United States Senate and House of Representatives. He became an officer in the army during America’s war with Mexico in the late eighteen-forties.
Pierce had been a public official for more than twenty years when he became president. Yet he was not a strong leader. He also faced a difficult situation in his personal life.
VOICE ONE:
Two of his children had died when they were babies. A third child was killed in a train accident shortly before Pierce was inaugurated.
In addition, his wife Jane did not like the city of Washington. She did not support her husband’s campaign for president. Years earlier, she had urged him to resign from the Senate and return to New Hampshire. She did not want to go back to Washington, even to be first lady.
When her husband was elected, she agreed to live there. But she rarely saw anyone. One of her close friends took her place at public events.
VOICE TWO:
Franklin Pierce was a young man. And his inauguration speech was about a young America. He promised strong support for expanding the territory of the United States. He also promised a strong foreign policy.
In his foreign policy, President Pierce successfully negotiated with Britain to gain American fishing rights along the coast of Canada. However, he was unsuccessful in an attempt to buy Cuba from Spain.
VOICE ONE:
One of the most important developments in foreign policy during Pierce’s administration actually began earlier. Former President Millard Fillmore had sent Navy commodore Matthew Perry to Asia. Perry finally sailed into Tokyo Bay in eighteen-fifty-three. His arrival led to the establishment of diplomatic and trade relations between the United States and Japan.
VOICE TWO:
National issues presented President Pierce with more difficult decisions. The Compromise of eighteen-fifty had settled the dispute over slavery in the western territories. But it did not end slavery. There was still a chance that the north and south would go to war over the issue.
Another question linked slavery and the western territories. Where should the United States build its new railroads.