But until very recently, the sanitary environment inhabited by more than 60 per cent of Third
World people-the countryside-was left to take care of itself. The woman carrying her container to
the well, washing her laundry in the stream, leaving her toddlers to squat in the compound, had
never seen a pipeline nor a drain; no faucet graced her village square, let alone her own backyard.
At the end of the 1970s, 1.2 billion people in the Third World were without a safe supply of
drinking water and 1.6 billion without any proper means of waste disposal.

Key: 1 Any two of Dakar, Kinshasa and Chittagong
2 Some parts of Sudan
3 Clean their neighbourhood
4 In the countryside
5 1.6 billion people


Skills Focus
Skim reading

Getting the main ides of a text or paragraph quickly is called skim reading. There are different
ways of skim reading:
i If you re very short of time or reading, for example, a newspaper article, you might just read the
heading and the first sentence of each paragraph. This is often enough to give you a fair idea of the
content.
ii For texts that you have to understand more fully, you might run your eyes along all the lines of
the
text, trying to pick out the key words and ignore unknown words and grammar words (e.g.
to , and, is, the) which do not contribute to the main idea.

As city populations rapidly expand, water and sanitation services are put under pressures
unimaginable to those who build them. But at least fear of epidemic-repeating the terrible ravages
of cholera in nineteenth-century Europe-encourages action in city halls. Lagos, for example, used
to be a watchword for urban filth. Now there is a monthly sanitation day on which moving
around the city is banned: everyone must pick up a shovel and clean their neighbourhood.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ROADS FOR PEOPLE！HELP CREATE
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A National Cycle Network

The figures speak for themselves. Over 20 million cars registered in Britain and road traffic is
projected to at least double by the year 2025.

Twice as much traffic on your roads…Imagine it!

Yet many more people would choose to make their shorter journey by cycle-if only the road
conditions fell safe.

Now, an answer to this problem is being created.

THE 5000-MILE NATIONAL CYCLE NETWORK

　　For fifteen years, Sustrans-it stands for sustainable transport -has been building traffic-free
routes for cyclists and walkers., often through the heart of towns and cities. Several hundred
miles are now completed, using disused railway lines, canal towpaths, riversides and unused land,
As a civil engineering charity, we work in partnership with local authorities and landowners.

　　We are now promoting a true national network, composed of traffic-free paths, quiet country
roads ,on -road cycles lanes and projected crossings.

　　Safe cycling networks already exist in many parts of Europe-including Denmark, Germany,
Switzerland and the Netherlands. Europeans are often astonished at the road dangers we put up
with here.

　　A Danish cyclist is ten times less likely to be killed or seriously injured- per mile cycled-than a
cyclist in Britain. Extensive national and local cycle routes there are supported by slower traffic
systems on surrounding roads.

　　A national cycle network for Britain can help transform local transport for the twenty-first century.
With your help, it really is achievable! Make a donation now!

1 Sustrans is
A a local authority
B a construction company
C a civil engineering charity

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