《写作错误与分析》经典总结(2)
文章出处： 发布时间：2006-07-09
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)
读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：
we can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七． 不间断句子(run-on sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
例１． there are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为：
there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：
there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside
world
八． 措词毛病(troubles in diction)
diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例１． the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)
剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。
改为：
the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九． 累赘(redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：
in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：in spite of his laziness, i like him.
例１． for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。
改为：
diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
十． 不连贯(incoherence)
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
例１． the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析：the fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。it 与things 在数方面不一致。
改为：
fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
十一． 综合性语言错误(comprehensive misusage)
所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。
例1．today, money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.
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