全国职称英语等级考试试题(卫生类)(1)
文章出处： 发布时间：2006-07-09
Passage 1
Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat (威胁) to public health. Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars (雪茄烟), chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco(烟草), and snuff (鼻烟). Most women did not use tobacco at all.
The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machines. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.
Today cigarettes smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the these men and eleven percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.
Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion (比例) of smokers is the age group 24-44.
Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand if a well-educated man with a high income smokes as all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.
The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.
Among teenagers (少年) the pictures is similar. There are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income, well-educated families and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking, if one or both of their parents smoke.
1. Men use tobacco mainly in ________ forms in the past.
○A. one
○B. two
○C. three
○D. four
2. The cigarette industry began ________.
○A. one hundred years ago
○B. at the turn of the century
○C. in the eighteen seventies
○D. in the eighteen century
3. In the United States _______ smoke cigarettes.
○A. about forty-three percent of people
○B. about thirty-one percent of people
○C. only old people
○D. about forty-three percent of the grown - up men and thirty-one percent of the grown -up women
4. A man’s smoking habit is partly determined by ________.
○A. his income
○B. his education
○C. his occupation
○D. all of the above
5. Children _________ to start smoking, if their parents smoke.
○A. are most likely
○B. are less likely
○C. hate
○D. do not want
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