全国职称英语等级考试试题(卫生类)(6)
文章出处： 发布时间：2006-07-09
Passage 2
Flu(which is short for influenza) is a highly contagious disease, the cause of which is a very tiny organism known as a virus. Several types of flu are recognized, depending on the type of virus that causes the disease.
When people catch flu, they often complain of a headache or a sore throat. They usually have a fever and their temperature rises from the normal 37C (98.6F) to about 39.5C (103F). Sometimes a person has a dry hacking (猛烈地干咳) cough and aching joints.
Today many doctors prescribe drugs that fight the disease. And scientists have also developed vaccines (疫苗) that help to prevent it. If the patient has proper treatment, and complete rest in bed, the virus is normally beaten within a week to ten days.
How does flu spread so quickly? When the infected person breathes out, sneezes or coughs, he gives out droplets (飞沫) of moisture in the breath from his mouth or nose. These remain in the air for some time. Flu viruses are present in these droplets. If a person sneezes in a crowed or poorly ventilated place, such as a lift, viruses can easily be carried from an infected person to a healthy person. This is known as droplet infection. The healthy person will breathe in the viruses given out by the infected person.
Flu can often cause complications in breathing, and general infection of the lung. With elderly and weak people, these added complications often yield serious results. The virus, if not properly treated, can weaken the body so that patient may develop more serious illnesses, such as pneumonia (肺炎) and bronchitis (支气管炎).
There are three main types of virus that cause flu, which are called type A, B and C. type A is the most powerful of the three, and undergoes minor changes in its genetic material every few years. The new form of the virus is called a strain (菌株). The new strain is not affected by the current vaccines. It is said to be " resistant" to them. So doctors must be continually producing new vaccines to combat the new strains of virus.
41. The types of flu vary with __________.
○A. the character of organism
○B. the portal of entry
○C. the organ involved
○D. the pathogenic agents
42. Today vaccines have been developed and used for _______ purposes.
○A. curative
○B. preventive
○C. therapeutic
○D. diagnostic
43. The transmitting medium for flu is __________.
○A. air
○B. food
○C. water
○D. a mosquito
44. Flu is more likely to affect ___________.
○A. the young
○B. the adults
○C. the elderly
○D. the new-born infants
45. The most dangerous complication of flu is __________.
○A. bronchitis
○B. inflammation of the lungs
○C. emphysema
○D. sinusitis
第六部分 完形填空 (30分)
根据短文在空白处填上适当的单词，该单词的第一个字母已经给出。
Messages in your body are carried by n_____46____. Each nerve is made up of thousands of nerve cells. Each nerve that carries messages to the arms and legs has a long fiber coming f 47 its cell. One nerve passes a message it r 48 to another nerve across the ends of the fibers.
Messages are carried from the arms and legs, also. Suppose that you t 49 something hot. Even before you exclaim "Ouch!" your finger pulls b 50 . A nerve in your finger connects w 51 another nerve that transfers the message to a third one. This third never end i 52 the muscles in your finger. The muscles pull back your finger, and prevents a t 53 . It takes only a fraction o 54 a second for the message to travel f 55 one nerve to another.
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