Metal, valued by weight, early coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings is still used in many countries instead of money. It can either be exchanged for goods, or made into tools, weapons or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze (青铜), ten in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called “cash”. The earliest of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old-older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean.
Nowadays, coins and notes have taken place of nearly all the more interesting forms of money, and although in one or two of the more remote countries people still hold it for future use on ceremonial (仪式的) occasions such as weddings and funerals (葬礼), examples of early money will soon be found only in museums.

11. In some parts of the world a traveler might starve __________.
○A. even if his money was of the local kind
○B. even if the had no coins or notes
○C. if the did not know the local rate of exchange
○D. even if he had plenty of coins and notes


12. Barter usually takes the place of money transaction where __________.
○A. there is only salt
○B. the people’s trading needs are fairly simple
○C. metal tools are used
○D. only for ceremonial purposes


13. Salt is still used as money __________.
○A. in Tibet
○B. in the Maldive Islands
○C. in several countries
○D. only for ceremonial purposes
14. Four or five thousand cowrie shells used to be __________.
○A. as valuable as a Maria Theresa dollar
○B. valued because they were easy to carry
○C. useful currency in south America
○D. useful currency in south America


15. The earliest known coins from the eastern Mediterranean _________.
○A. are as old as the earliest known Chinese coins
○B. are old than the earliest known Chinese coins
○C. are not as old as the earliest known Chinese coins
○D. were much larger than their Chinese equivalents

第二部分　　完成句子 (25分)
根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。
Once upon a time (not so very long ago, either!) industrial goods were made to last forever. If you bought a car or a stove, it was a once-in-a-life time investment. You paid good money for it, and you took good care of it. Nowadays industry has persuaded us that products shouldn't last a long time. It’s cheaper to throw them away than it is to repair them. This has led directly to the “throw away society” which is a tremendous (巨大的) waste of the earth’s resources.
Just think of the cars that are traded daily, just because they are out of style. Think of the expensive packaging material that is thrown away every time a new object is bought. And we consumers (消费者) have to pay for that material! Our industrial society has turned us into spoiled children. This wastefulness (消费) has got into the mess we are in now. when we have no resources left, then we’ll start to take care of what we have. But why can’t we act before this happens? Why can’t we go back to being a society in which the prevention (防止) of waste is a virtue (美德)?

16. Not long ago, products were made to last to _______ as you take care of them.


17. People don’t repair many things nowadays because they spend ______ to buy a new one.


18. The shoppers have to pay not only for the goods themselves but also for the ______ paper.


19. According to the author’s idea, we should take care of what we have when there are ________ resources left.

20. “The mess” (in the 5th Line of 2nd Paragraph) means _________.

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