Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn’t it matter? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one in your lap, or on the table?
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both American and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to woman, and so will most Americans. Promptness (准时)is important both in England and in America. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o’clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable – especially if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.

16. Social customs vary not only in different times but also different c　　　 .

17. Generally, the English and the Americans speak the same language and for many cases b　　　　 in the same way.

18. In America, if one has accepted a dinner invitation, he should t　　　 the host to explain the reason if he is to be late.

19. The best host is the person who tries his best to make his guests feel c　　.

20. In the past, people considered it b　　　　manners to smoke on the street.


第三部分　　阅读理解 (80分)

Passage 1
Some years ago, Winthrop and Luella Kellogg decided to study this and other questions, rearing a chimpanzee (黑猩猩) in a normal human environment, Gua, a seven-and one–half-month-old female chimpanzee, was adopted into their household to be treated in the same fashion as their ten-month-old son Donald. The two babies were dressed alike, fed in the same way, and allowed equal play opportunities. In going to the park, going to bed, or being toilet trained, both had essentially similar experiences, and the parents tried to give them equal love.
Shortly after the experiment began, Gua became slightly superior to Donald in word recognition, but Donald’s inferiority (劣势) might be explained on the basis of less physical ability. The chimpanzee was more agile (灵活的) and therefore could respond more readily to such requests as “Get up on the chair.” As time passed, however, the child gained rapidly on the chimpanzee, and by the end of the period of investigation he was significantly ahead in word recognition.
In word usage, Gua remained nonverbal (不以言语表达的) throughout the experiment. Her communications included some gestures, such as wriggling (努力) her lips when she wanted apples but no words. She only gave sudden barks or cries in moments of excitement, fear, or pain. Donald, on the other hand, passed through the normal stages in learning a spoken language and, by the end of the research, uttered his first words. He said “da” meaning “down” and “bowwow for the dog, and he used a few other words.” But as his parents emphasized, he had not shown language mastery (掌握) either. At the end of the study, he still had not used words in combination. Unfortunately, this research had to be discontinued after nine months partly because of the increasing strength and enormous agility (灵活，敏捷) of Gua around the house.

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