Participation (参与) in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student's oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures.
33. Ind Learning
Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams.) The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades.
34. H in School Work
Ideally, the teacher - student relationship at universities is characterized by trust. The "honor system", imposed by the teacher and the university demands that the student be honest in all areas of school work. Thus, cheating on tests, plagiarizing (抄袭) in written work, presenting other's ideas as original, and turning in homework completed by someone else are all prohibited.
35. Com Among Students
Relationships between students in the classroom can be cooperative or competitive (竞争 ). International students should not hesitate to ask for help if it is needed. There are courses, however, where grades are calculated in relation to other student's scores. Therefore, in classes where such a grading "curve" is used, students may be reluctant to share lecture notes or information for fear that their own grades will suffer.
第五部分 阅读理解 (120分)
Passage 1
It is becoming increasingly recognized that education is a process which continues throughout adult life. The scope of adult and continuing education has widened in recent years and now included, in addition to the development of the individual through cultural, physical and craft pursuits, such subjects as basic education: education for disadvantaged groups and those with special needs such as ethnic minorities or the disabled; consumer education; health education; and preretirement (退休前) education. Continuing education includes training for those in employment, to enable them to keep pace with technological change. The British government has taken a number of recent initiatives to improve opportunities for both adult and continuing education. In 1982 it launched a Professional, Industrial and Commercial Updating Programmer, designed to help colleges and universities to meet the need to up-date and broaden the skills of those in mid-career in industry, commerce and the professions. A three-year programmer to encourage the expansion of educational opportunities for the adult unemployed was launched in 1984.
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