练习:
1. Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A)Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day car
for children at the age of three or older.
B)Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C)The first three years of one’s life is extremely important to the later development of personality.
D)Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children
over three
2. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby’s work?
A)Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.
B)Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child’s development.
C)A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems
in later life.
D)Baby care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child’s s personality.
3. It is suggested that modem societies differ from traditional societies in that
A)the parents—child relationship is more exclusive in modem societies.
B)a child more often grows up with his(her brothers or sisters in traditional societies.
C)mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies.
D)children in modem societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years
4. Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby’s theory?
A)Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children’s development.
B)The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.
C)The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional
societies.
D)Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.
5 Which of the following best expresses the writer’s attitude towards early day care?
A)Children under three should stay with their parents.
B)Early day care has positive effects on children’s development.
C)The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.
D)The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.
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The first four minutes
When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: __1__. A lot of people’s whole lives would change if they did just that.
You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.__2__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, People like people who like themselves.
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, But I’m not a friendly, self-confident person. That’s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way.
__3__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one.
But isn’t it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don’t actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, total honest is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one’s health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one’s opinions and impressions.
__4__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __5__ that is at least as important as how much we know.
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
E. He keeps looking over the other person’s shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.