Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice, Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keen your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.
　　If you sense that your are losing your voice, stop talking completely. Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes, but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice. If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice.
　　What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence. The second drink gives you even more confidence. Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly. Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.
　　Perhaps you want to accept the advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can. Goethe, who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools, said, "We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter". Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits. If you are wiling to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.
EXERCISE:
1） To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk.
A) True B) False C) Not mentioned
2) The first paragraph mention three ways of activating the saliva in the mouth.
A) True B) False C) Not mentioned
3) The writer suggests that you go to see a doctor when you feel you are losing your voice.
A) True B) False C) Not mentioned
4) The writer advice about alcohol before you make a speech is to take one or two drinks so as to give yourself some confidence.
A) True B) False C) Not mentioned
5) Due to the effect of alcohol, your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly.
A) True B) False C) Not mentioned
6) Goethe often did outdoor skating and swimming.
A) True B) False C) Not mentioned
7) The writer cites Goethe to prove that one can change one's habits.
A) True B) False C) Not mentioned

KEY:B A B B A C A





PASSAGE 18

The Education of Benjamin Franklin

　　History has given Benjamin Franklin a place of enduring fame. He was a writer, an inventor, a scientist, and a statesman. His life history has enjoyed popular success for more than 200 years.
　　Franklin's education at school stopped when he was ten years old. But he never stopped learning. For him, books held the key to living happily and successfully. They were precious gifts.
　　In his early youth, he had a friend who worked for a bookseller. Sometimes his friend would lend him books, which he was careful to return quickly. Often he sat up in his room reading most of the night in order to return a book before his friend's employer noticed its absence.
　　But Franklin was not a lonely scholar. For him, learning was a social experience. In his Autobiography, he tells about organizing a club called the "Junto", which met every Friday night to improve its members' minds:
　　"The rules I made required every member, in turn, to produce one or more questions on any point of Morals, Politics, or Natural Philosophy. The question would then be discussed by the whole group. Also, once in three months, each member was required to read an article he had written on any subject he pleased.

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