全国专业技术人员职称英语考试辅导材料（七）(1)
文章出处： 发布时间：2006-07-09
一、题型介绍
概括大意这一题型在 职称 英语等级考试中属于新题型。在我国其它的大规模的英语考试均未出现过。这种题型是先给出一篇短文，通常由一段组成，每段说明一个主题。其主题可以用一个或几个单词概括出来，该单词或词组是不完整的，即有一个单词是空出来的，但其第一个或前几个字母已经给出，要求考生在理解每段文字内容的基础上把空缺的字母给补上，使之构成一个完整的单词。这种题型有点像我们平时所说的“画龙点睛”或“高度概括”的意思。实际上，我们可以把每个段落看作一篇小短文，内容有了，标题不完整，考生要做的工作就是来把这个标题补全或来“命”这个标题。
二、测试点
显而易见，这种题型的测试点就是考查考生抓大意的能力，即大纲规定的应该掌握的阅读能力的第一条。要概括短文的大意，就要首先读懂原文。原文读不懂自然总结不出来。把大意概括出来，还要能找出适当的英文单词，还要能写出这个单词，所以概括大意这种题型同时又考了 词汇 量和拼写。
由于这种题型也比较新颖，对考生可能有点不适应，不知如何下手。其实，这种题型相对来说不算难。上面我们谈到，概括大意这种题型的实质是让考生给每段文字“命”一个小标题。而要“命”出这个标题来就必须确定每段文字的主题 思想 。如何确定文章和主题思想？考虑一下人们的写作和逻辑思维过程，这个问题就容易回答了。我们在写一篇短文时，总要分几个段落来写，而每一个段落都有自己的一个观点、论点或主旨。要阐述它，作者就必须展开他的观点或论点，一定要作补充、说明、解释或举例，以支持所提出的问题。反映作者观点、论点或主旨的这个句子通常叫做主题句。主题句往往体现了每一段或整个文章的主题思想。那么，找到了段落的主题句，就等于抓住了它的主题思想，抓住了它的主题思想，标题就容易确定了。看来，要概括出每段的段落大意，就必须先找到每段的主题句。
在怎样做阅读理解题第一讲中，我们详细介绍了如何通过找主题句来抓文章的大意，即解答主旨类题目。这里就不再重复了。下面我们通过一个具体的实例来说如何解答概括大意这类题目，并指出解题的步骤。
Singapore
1. In______________ to singapore
Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island - the Singapore Island - and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq.km.
2. L____________ and Climate.
Low-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief (轮廓鲜明的）features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20 C. The average annual precipitation is 2,413 mm; the wettest months are November through January.
3. State sy_________ of Singapore
Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959, as amended (修改后的）. A president, elected to a four-year term is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be elected by Parliament, but by a 1991 constitutional amendment (修正）, the president is now elected directly by the people. The parliament is the law-making body with its 81 members populary elected.
4. E_____________
In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 s***ndary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore (founded in 1980 with the combination of two major universities), several technical colleges, and a teachers college.
5. E_______________ of Singapore
Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $23.7 billion, or $ 8,870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of During, on southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and singapore now produces a diversity (多样化的）of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Ship building and petroleum refining are also important.
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