[33]

　　in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains,

　　and cannot be used by living systems when melted. Of the

　　[34]

　　remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer than 1% of the

　　[35]

　　whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as underground

　　water as is actually on the surface. There is also a minor,

　　but extremely important, fraction of the water supply

　　which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.

　　PART III READING COMPREHENSIONS

　　Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.

　　TEXT A STAYING HEALTHY ON HOLIDAY Do people who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travelers go abroad ill prepared to avoid serious disease. Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly theres an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a tropical diseases hospital when they come home. But it is notoriously difficult to get anybody to pay out money for keeping people healthy. Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests —— the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travelers diarrhea in Turkey, or to take the time to spell out preventive measures travelers could take. "The NHS finds it difficult to define travelers health," says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and tropical medicine and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London. "Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? Its a gray area, and opinion is split. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role," he says. To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just dont know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease is linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they ate, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives. A recent leader in the British Medical Journal argued: "Travel medicine will emerge as a credible discipline only if the risks encountered by travelers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control." Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice? The real figure is anybodys guess, but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than ￡1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often dont work and so give people a false sense of security: "Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority," he says.

　　36. Travel medicine in Britain is ____.

　　A) not something anyone wants to run.

　　B) the responsibility of the government.

　　C) administered by private doctors.

　　D) handled adequately by travel agents.

　　37. The main interest of travel companies dealing with travel medicine is to ____.

　　A) prevent people from falling ill.

　　B) make money out of it.

　　C) give advice on specific countries.

　　D) get the government to pay for it.

　　38. In Behren's opinion the question of who should run travel medicine ____.

　　A) is for the government to decide.

　　B) should be left to specialist hospitals.

　　C) can be left to travel companies.

　　D) has no clear and simple answer.

　　39. People will only think better of travel medicine if ____.

　　A) it is given more resources by the government.

　　B) more accurate information on its value is available.

　　C) the government takes over responsibility from the NHS.

　　D) travelers pay more attention to the advice they get.

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