TEXT K 　 First read the question. 59. What is the cornerstone of writing according to the writer? A. conciseness B. clarity C. coherence D. continuity 60. Whats the main difference between persuasive writing and information writing? A. The writer of persuasive writing has to persuade readers as well as impart information. B. Concerned with affecting readers view, persuasive writing calls for special planning. C. The interest of the readers must be stimulated in persuasive writing. D. Readers are easy to follow the flow of persuasive writing. Now go through Text K quickly to answer question 59 and 60. 　 Some principles for business writing 　 Attitude: The writers point of view. The writer always has a point of view and it should be reflected in information writing. It may affect the readers point of view, but that is not the purpose. Here, the writers point of view provides clarity to the communication. Furthermore, it offers a personal approach to the communication —— naturalness. Courtesy and tact are also a part of the writers point of view. Sincerity reflects a quality that is very important for developing the readers opinion of the writers credibility. 　 Clarity: The cornerstone of writing. Clarity is reflected in the writers knowledge of the subject. Placing the information in simple, short sentences for efficient comprehension is vital. Selecting words for specific meaning and eliminating ambiguity are essential. The vocabulary must be familiar to the reader, taking into consideration the readers background and experience with the subject of the communication. 　 Clarity is also reflected in the organizational ability of the writer. If the writer creates a workable organization, the reader will be able to grasp the communication quickly and accurately. 　 Conciseness: Respecting the readers time. Unnecessary detail is the constant plague of written business communications. The details are too many and, quite often, unnecessary. Much valuable time is wasted for readers by writers who are careless about brevity. Repetition has a place in writing, and it belongs in the summary of written communications. Often writes repeat the same ideas from paragraph to paragraph. 　 Coherence: The writers organizational flow. All ideas should have some order. When order is established, the reader immediately begins to comprehend. If ideas are structured in time-order sequence, ascending or descending pattern, in a cause-and-effect, or in problem-and-solution structure, the essence of the message flows. It is easy to follow the relationship of multiple ideas in a simple communication. 　 Some guidelines for persuasive writing 　 Sometimes writing is a way of negotiation. You need take a position and give enough evidence to persuade your clients to accept your point of view, and take action. 　 Writing persuasively is challenging for the business professional. Whether it is to be a memo, a formal letter, a report, or a elaborate contract, the writer must take time to analyze the intended readers. A clear understanding of writing to communication is necessary in order to recognize the difference with influencing the readers point of view. This could range from stimulating the reader to make a change in attitude, to coercing the reader to accept an issue. It takes more strategic planning for the writer to create a persuasive argument on paper. 　 Stimulating interest: Starting on the right foot. The opening paragraph in written persuasion must get things off on the right foot. The interest of the reader must be stimulated by the introduction. It the writer has some notion of the readers attitude on the subject, it is much easier to stimulate interest. The conclusion, which normally comes at the end of a written communication, should appear right in the opening. By starting off with the conclusion, the reader will know immediately where the writer is aiming. This will eliminate any hidden fears, confusions, or possible misinterpretation on the part of the reader. This immediately places emphasis on clarity at the very beginning of the communication. 　 Continuity: Establishing organizational flow. As in information writing, persuasive writing must have an organizational flow. By taking the topic and structure it into a sequence, the writer will be sure that the reader is able to follow the flow. 　 Order of important is an excellent way to structure the ideas in a persuasive communication. By starting with the most important idea and moving to the least important, the writer is setting up priorities and emphasis. In this manner, it is very easy for the reader to understand the rationale for the writer. 　 Cause and effect is another pattern of organization easy for the reader to follow and be influenced by. The writer can carefully establish all of the causes and then, one by one, describe each effect. This makes it very easy to show the relationship between cause and effect. It is the established relationship between the two that appears logical to the reader and that creates the positive attitude necessary for persuasion. 　 Problem and solution as an organizational pattern works very much like cause and effect, in that the relationship between the two is important. The solution, if it does eliminate the problem, in a practical, workable, or desirable manner, will gain strong acceptance from the reader. 　 Chronological, topical, and spatial patterns of organization can all be used in persuasive writing, these depend on the relationship of the subject to the reader. Need/satisfaction is another common structural pattern, and it works well in persuasive writing, in this pattern, the writer establishes a need for the reader, and once this has been clearly explained, an idea is presented that will satisfy that need. Once the need is met, the writer can then set up some plan of action that will explain how this satisfaction will take place and offer benefits to the reader. 　 Credibility: A must for the writer and the content. As the writer presents conclusions, their justification must be established. This justification is accomplished by presenting good evidence in an organized structure that will support the conclusions.

　　59. What is the cornerstone of writing according to the writer?

　　A) conciseness

　　B) clarity

　　C) coherence

　　D) continuity

　　60. What's the main difference between persuasive writing and information writing?

　　A) The writer of persuasive writing has to persuade readers as well as impart information.

　　B) Concerned with affecting readers' view, persuasive writing calls for special planning.

　　C) The interest of the readers must be stimulated in persuasive writing.

　　D) Readers are easy to follow the flow of persuasive writing.

　　PART IV TRANSLATION

　　Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

　　毕竟是中秋了，夜凉如水，不一会儿就觉得衣服有点儿潮湿，不知道是露水，是潮水的水气，还是神话中的仙水。不知不觉已到了半夜一点钟，慢慢地听到远处有细细的声音，人们一个个从地上爬起来。大家都屏住气，用眼睛向钱塘江的水天分界处瞧去。　这时，潮水越来越大了，天边一根银色的线条，一会儿变成黑色，一会儿又变成白色，渐渐地排山倒海般由远向近而来。由于夜静，这潮水确实是比白天的的大，真如千军万马，两个人面对面讲话都听不到。不知道由于心理作用还是事实如此：夜潮的潮头也高，排列夜整齐；潮水到镇海宝塔下，竟成了一跟笔直的线，象受检阅的部队，整齐极了，人们还舍不得离开，一直看它急流直下。这是钱塘江对岸的一排信号灯全亮了，真是夜潮更比日潮奇。

　　SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

　　Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.

　　On each side of a bright river he saw rise a line of brighter palaces, arched and pillared, and inlaid with deep red porphyry, and with serpentine; along the quays before their gates were riding troops of knights, noble in face and form, dazzling in crest and shield; horse and man one labyrinth of quaint color and gleaming light —— the purple, and silver, and scarlet fringes flowing over the strong limbs and clashing mail, like sea-waves over rock at sunset. Opening on each side from the river were gardens, courts, vine; leaping of fountains through buds of pomegranate and orange; and still along the garden-paths, and under and through the crimson of the pomegranate shadows, moving slowly, groups of the fairest women that Italy ever saw —— fairest, because purest and most thoughtful; trained in all high knowledge, as in all courteous art —— in dance, in song, in sweet wit, in lofty learning, in loftier courage, in loftiest love —— able alike to cheer, to enchant, or save, the souls of men. Above all this scenery of perfect human life, rose dome and bell-tower, burning with white alabaster and gold: beyond dome and bell-dome the slopes of mighty hills, hoary with olive far in the north, above a purple sea of peaks of solemn Apennine, the clear, sharp-cloven Carrara mountains sent up their steadfast flames of marble summit into amber sky; the great sea itself, scorching with expanse of light, stretching from their feet to the Gorgonian isles.

　　PART VI WRITING

　　Directions: There are many differences between human beings and animals. Write an essay of about 300 words presenting some main differences within 60 minutes.

　　The differences between human beings and animals In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the following parts you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details or examples. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instruction may result in loss of marks.