SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING

　　In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

　　On Public Speaking

　　When people are asked to give a speech in public for the first time, they usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations. In fact, public speaking is the same as any other form of (16) that people are usually engaged in. Public speaking is a way for a    speaker to (17) his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free to decide on the (18) of his speech.

　　Two key points to achieve success in public speaking:

　　—— (19) of the subject matter.

　　—— good preparation of the speech.

　　To facilitate their understanding, inform your audience beforehand of the (20) of your speech and end it with a summary.

　　Other key points to bear in mind:

　　—— be ware of your audience through eye contact.

　　—— vary the speed of (21)

　　—— use the microphone skillfully to (22) yourself in speech.

　　—— be brief in speech; always try to make your message (23)

　　Example: the best remembered inaugural speeches of the US presidents are (24) once.

　　Therefore brevity is essential to (25) of a speech.

　　PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION

　　The following passage contains ten errors .Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

　　For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

　　For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end    of the line.

　　For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.

　　EXAMPLE

　　When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit,

　　(1) an

　　it (never/) buys things in finished form and hangs

　　(2) never

　　them on the wall. When a natural history museum

　　wants an exhibition, it must often build it.

　　(3) exhibit

　　The grammatical words which play so large a part in English

　　grammar are the most part sharply and obviously different from

　　the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may

　　seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have "less

　　(26)

　　meaning", but in fact some grammarians have called them

　　(27)

　　"empty" words as opposed in the "full" words of vocabulary. But

　　(28)

　　this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. Although a

　　(29)

　　word like the is not the name of something as man is, it is very

　　far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp difference in

　　(30)

　　meaning between "man is vile" and "the man is vile", yet the

　　is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning.

　　(31)

　　Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably among

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