TEXT I First read the question. 57. The writer gives us suggestions on ____. A. how to relax in a crowd B. how to present oneself before a crowd C. how to tackle touchy problems in stressful situations D. how to establish good relationship with strangers Now go through TEXT I quickly to answer question 57. 　 Recently I was invited to lecture on anxiety to several hundred mental-health professionals. My talk was scheduled to follow those of a number of prominent psychiatrists. When my turn came, I was especially nervous because the speaker before me had been particularly impressive and charming. As I approached the podium, my heart pounded and my mouth went completely dry. What am I doing here? I asked myself. 　 Making matters worse, my presentation partly dealt with fear of public speaking. To calm myself, I tried an unconventional tactic. I asked the audience, "How many of you feel nervous when you give a speech?" Nearly every hand went up. "Well, thats exactly how I feel right now!" 　 The audience responded with laughter. I relaxed and was able to move into my presentation. 　 At times, we all find ourselves in situations that make us nervous. Perhaps youre afraid of saying foolish things at a cocktail party, stumbling over a presentation at work or having your mind go blank on a test. 　 For some of us, the anxiety is so severe that it is incapacitating. And nearly everyone has experienced mild forms of social anxiety. 　 Over the years, my work with hundreds of patients has taught me that anyone can increase his or her social confidence, even in the most stressful situations. Here are a few simple but helpful tips: 1. Take off the false front. When my wife and I moved into a new neighborhood, our daughter began playing with a girl who lived nearby in a mansion. One night, clad in jeans and an old T-shirt, I stopped by to pick up my daughter. Sue, the friends mother, who was dressed like a model out of Vogue, invited me into a large hallway filled with expensive antiques and oil paintings. It was like a museum. 　 I felt very awkward. Noticing my uneasiness, Sue asked if something was wrong. I had the urge to deny how I felt but instead confessed, "Im not used to being in such a fancy house." 　 "Why, I didnt think psychiatrists ever felt insecure," she said with a laugh. 　 I believe my openness made us both feel more comfortable. Denying how I felt would only have added to the tension and made me appear phony. As with the mental-health speech, I was frank about my insecurities. Such frankness is a good way to bring others closer to us. 　 2. Tackle your fears one step at a time. While affiliated with Pennsylvania State University, psychologist J. Mahoney and gymnastics coach Marshall Avener investigated the impact of anxiety on gymnasts at the 1976 U.S. Olympic Team trials. Who do you think experienced more anxiety before competition —— the athletes who went on to win, or those who ended up losing? The researchers discovered that both groups were equally anxious. What distinguished the winners from the losers was how they coped. 　 Less successful dwelled on their fears, arousing themselves to state of near panic as they imagined a disastrous performance. The winners typically ignored their anxiety, concentrating instead on what they had to do: Take a deep breath, or now reach up and grip the bar. They controlled their fears by breaking the task down into a series of small steps. This technique will work with virtually anything you have to accomplish. 　 3. Focus on others. Many of us focused to talk to people in uncomfortable situations. Maybe its your new boss at a company party or your future in-laws. What do you say when your mind does blank? 　 Make the other person the focus of the conversation. Ask a few questions: "How did you get interested in such-and-such?" or "Will you tell me more about it?" 　 All most people want is for you to pay attention to them. Psychiatrists and psychologists make handsome livings just by nodding their heads knowingly and asking a few questions. If they can get away with it, so can you. 　 4. Turn anxiety into energy. Everybody gets nervous before performing in public, whether making a business presentation or acting in a school play. The trick is to let your nerves work for you. 　 5. Stop comparing yourself. One of our biggest social cripples is the fear of not measuring up. Perhaps you feel you wont impress others because they are more confident , successful, intelligent or attractive than you. Such thinking is wrong-headed. The secret of doing well with others is accepting yourself.

　　57. The writer gives us suggestions on ____.

　　A) how to relax in a crowd

　　B) how to present oneself before a crowd

　　C) how to tackle touchy problems in stressful situations

　　D) how to establish good relationship with strangers

　　TEXT J First read the question.　 58. Ghirardelli square is mentioned in the passage to illustrate ____. A. the construction of new buildings to solve the problem of physical decay of old buildings B. the demolition of old buildings to make way for new buildings C. the restoration of old buildings to turn them to commercial purposes D. the tendency to endow old cities new identity and character Now go through TEXT J quickly to answer question 58. 　 In spite of the wealth of examples of urban architecture in older cities, both in Europe and in the United States, solutions to current problems of the physical decay of cities in the United States have come slowly. The first reaction after the war was to bulldoze and build bright new towers and efficient roadways, but these solutions did not respond to people. By the close of the 1960s it became more common to deal gently with the existing urban fabric and to insert new buildings in such a way as to complement the physical and social environment; in other cases valued buildings have been rehabilitated and returned to economic productivity. A particularly striking example is the rehabilitation of Ghirardelli Square, San Francisco. This hillside mélange of nineteenth-century commercial buildings, clustered around a chocolate plant, was purchased in 1962 by William Roth to forestall wholesale development of the waterfront as a district of high-rent apartment towers. Nearly all of the nineteenth-century buildings were retained and refurbished, and a low arcade was added on the waterside. There are several levels, dotted with kiosks and fountains, which offer varied prospects of San Francisco Bay. Perhaps most telling is the preservation of the huge Ghirardelli sign as an important landmark; it is such improbable, irrational, and cherished idiosyncrasies which give cities identity and character.

　　58. Ghirardelli square is mentioned in the passage to illustrate ____.

　　A) the construction of new buildings to solve the problem of physical decay of old buildings

　　B) the demolition of old buildings to make way for new buildings

　　C) the restoration of old buildings to turn them to commercial purposes

　　D) the tendency to endow old cities' new identity and character

　　TEXT K First read the question.　 59. In the writers point of view, man is unique in ____. A. killing members of the same species habitually B. enjoying watching disgusting acts of violence C. gaining pleasure from brutally treating each other D. his savage impulse to torture members of the same species 60. The word "aggression" ____. A. is difficult to define because it covers a great variety of human activities B. is ambiguous because the dividing line between aggression and many other acts is unclear C. is so imprecise that it is pointless to define it D. Both A and B Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer question 59 and 60. 　 Than man is an aggressive creature will hardly be disputed. With the exception of certain rodents, no other vertebrate habitually destroys members of his own species. No other animal takes positive pleasure in the exercise of cruelty upon another of his own kind. We generally describe the most disgusting examples of mans cruelty as brutal, implying by these adjectives that such behaviors is characteristic of less highly developed animals than ourselves. In truth, however, the extreme of "brutal" behavior are confined to man; and there is no parallel in nature to our savage treatment of each other. The depressing fact is that we are cruelest and most ruthless species that has ever walked the earth; and that, although we may shrink back in horror when we read newspaper or history book of the brutalities committed by man upon man, we know in our hearts that each one of us harbors within himself those same savage impulses which lead to murder, to torture and to war. 　 To write about human aggression is a difficult task because the term is used so many different senses. Aggression is one of those words which every one knows, but which is nevertheless hard to define. As psychologists use it, it covers a very wide range of human behavior. The red-faced infant squalling for the bottle is being aggressive; and so is the judge who awards a thirty-year sentence for robbery. the guard in a concentration camp who tortures his helpless victim is obviously acting aggressively. Less manifestly, but no less certainly, so is the neglected wife who threatens or attempts suicide in order to regain her husbands affection. When a word becomes so diffusely applied that it is used both of the competitive striving of a footballer and also of the bloody violence of a murderer, it ought either to be dropped or else more closely defined. Aggression is a combine term which is fairly bursting at its junctions. Yet until we can more clearly designate and comprehend the various aspects of human behavior which are subsumed under this head, we cannot discard the concept. 　 One difficulty is that there is no clear dividing line between those forms of aggression which we all deplore and those which we must not disown if we are to survive. When a child rebels against authority it is being aggressive; but it is also manifesting a drive towards independence which is a necessary and valuable part of growing up. The desire for power has, in extreme form, disastrous aspects which we all acknowledge; but the drive to conquer difficulties, or to gain mastery over the external world underlies the greatest of human achievements. Some writers define aggression as "that response which follows frustration", or as "an act whose goal-response is injury to an organism (or organism surrogate)". In the authors view these definitions impose limits upon the concepts of aggression word is attempting to express. It is worth noticing, for instance, that the words we use to describe intellectual effort are aggressive words. We attack problems, or get our teeth into them. We sharpen our wits, hoping that our mind will develop a keen edge in order that we may better divide a problem into its component parts. Although intellectual tasks are often frustrating, to argue that all intellectual effort is the result of frustration is to impose too negative a coloring upon the positive impulse to comprehend and master the external world.

　　59. In the writer's point of view, man is unique in ____.

　　A) killing members of the same species habitually

　　B) enjoying watching disgusting acts of violence

　　C) gaining pleasure from brutally treating each other

　　D) his savage impulse to torture members of the same species

　　60. The word "aggression" ____.

　　A) is difficult to define because it covers a great variety of human activities

　　B) is ambiguous because the dividing line between aggression and many other acts is unclear

　　C) is so imprecise that it is pointless to define it

　　D) Both A and B