24.It can be inferred from the passage that the author

　　believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary

　　for historians of American feminism because such study

　　Awould clarify the ideological origins of those

　　feminist ideas that influenced American feminism(A)

　　Bwould increase understanding of a movement

　　that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American feminists

　　Cwould focus attention on the most important

　　aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832

　　Dpromises to offer insight into a movement that

　　was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 1848

　　25.According to the passage, which of the following

　　would be the most accurate description of the

　　society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?

　　AA society in which women were highly regarded

　　for their extensive education

　　BA society in which the two genders played

　　complementary roles and had equal status (B)

　　CA society in which women did not enter public life

　　DA social order in which a body of men and

　　women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power

　　Text D

　　Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.

　　Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.