专四考前恶补阅读完型(2)(1)
文章出处： 发布时间：2006-07-09
完形填空(二)
微观上利用各种线索选择答案
从TEST ONE的答题技巧可知，完形填空的每一个空格都不是孤立存在的，它是整个篇章的一
部分，与上下文有着明显或微妙的关系，因此在选择时就要考虑到各选项与上下文的联系。
通常这种联系或关系为考生做出正确选择提供了各种线索，比如语义逻辑、语法框架、 词汇
搭配及词义的应用、概念，还有些是非语言性的一些知识等，下面就几种微观处理选项的技
巧简要介绍。
语义线索
在完形填空题中，某些项的选择可以根据“语义”来决定，即已有的词或句子的语义决定着
必须选择某个选项，否则整个文章的语义逻辑就不通，内容就与作者的原意不一致。因此考
生在做选择时，不要忽略语义这条重要的线索。
例如：
Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really
quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be
____1____ in a single large building.
1.A. consisted B. contained
C. composed D. comprised
根据语义线索（内部装饰变得重要的部分原因是因为一座大楼包含许多用途。）可知空格处
需要一个表示“包含（括）”意义的动词。在四个选项中A. consisted(由…构成)，
多用于主动且与of连用；C. compose（组成）多以be composed of这一固定词组出现；D. com
prise(包含)一般不用于被动语态。contain在用法上和语义上符合题意，故为答案。
语法线索
语法线索是指所应填入的词与上下文可能发生的语法方面的联系。利用这种联系也可推断出正确的选项。例如：
Cities contain the very ___1___ aspect of a society: opportunities for education, employment, and entertainment. They also contain the very worst parts of a society: …
1. A. well B. good C.better D. best
根据第二句中的语法线索the very worst，我们就可以肯定此空也要用形容词最高级，又因
为这两句是对比句，所以只能选D。
词汇线索
有些完形填空要填入的词与上下文其他词有各种联系，文中的词往往在词义上或搭配上决定了所应填
入的词。这些词就构成了选择答案时的词汇线索。例如：
Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to ___1___ themselves to the new medium were technical.
1. A. turn B. adapt C. alter D. modify
根据词汇搭配及语义线索，正确选项为B。因为adapt oneself to是固定搭配，意为“适应
，习惯于”，这符合题意。其他三项均有“改变”之意，且不能和oneself搭配。
概念线索
在完形填空题的上下文中，有时会出现一些词与空格内需要填的词同指一人或一事物，甚至可在上下文中找到应填的同一个词。这就是所说的概念线索。
超语言线索
在完形填空试题中，有时不是利用以上几种线索便可以决定选项，这时往往需要考生根据自己对试题内容的有关背景知识的了解来决定填入的选项。
PART Ⅰ［15 MIN.］
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if
inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.
Who won the World Cup 1998 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? ___ 1 ___ an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets giving the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic ___ 2 ___, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source,
from those who make it to those who want to ___ 3 ___ it. Radio, telegraph, television
, and ___ 4 ___ inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. ___ 5 ____, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly make use of the newer and faster means
of communication to improve the ___ 6 ___ and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are ___ 7 ___ and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers ___ 8 ___ of the latest news, today’s newspapers educate and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices ___ 9 ___ advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very ___ 10 ___. Newspapers are sold at a price that ___ 11 ___ even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main ___ 12 ___ of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The success i
n selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This ___ 13 ___ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment ___ 14 ___ in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as source of information___ 15 ___ the community, city, country, state, nation and world and even outer space.
1. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D. Befor e
2. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose
3. A. make B. publish C. know D. write
4. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other
5. A. However B. And C. Therefore D. So
6. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed
7. A. spread B. passed C. printed [DW]D. completed
8. A. inform B. be informed C. to be informed D. infor med
9. A. on B. through C. with D. of
10.A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose
11.A. tries to cover B. manages to cover C. fails to cover D. succeeds in
12.A. source B. origin C. course D. finance
13.A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured
14. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered
15.A. by B. with C. at D. about
PART Ⅱ
READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］
In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT A
As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe－sunbaked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them “pueblos”, which is Spanish for town.The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters” —corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
The way of life of lesssettled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales.
They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou.
The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their tents and tipis.
16. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings.
B. The movement of American Indians across North America.
C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians.
D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America.
17. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were ___ ___.
A. very small
B. highly advanced
C. difficult to defend
D. quickly constructed
TEXT B
Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.[JP]
The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.
The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past.
There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.)
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