TEM-8 Exercise 1
PART 2 PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION [15 MIN]
Proofread the given passage on answer sheet two as instructed.
The following passage contains TEN errors.    Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.    In each case, only ONE word is involved.    You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the    blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unneccessary word, cross the unnecesary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
Example

When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit,                                                 [1]an
it buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall.    [2]never
When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must     [3]exhibit
often build it.

When a human infant is born into any community in any part
of the world it has two things in common with any infant, pro-                
(1)
vided neither of them have been damaged in any way either be-                
(2)
fore or during birth.    Firstly, and most obviously, new born chil-
dren are completely helpless.    Apart from a powerful capacity to
pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is noth-        
(3)
ing the new born child can do to ensure his own survival.    With-
out care from some other human being or beings, be it mother,
grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to sur-
vive.    This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast
with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet            
(4)
within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few
hours.    Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes            
(5)
for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human
infant they very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them.            
(6)
It is during this very long period in which the human infant
is totally dependent on the others that it reveals the second fea-        
(7)
ture which it shares with all other undamaged human infants, a
capacity to learn language.    For this reason, biologists now sug-
gest that language be 'species specific' to the human race, that is    
(8)
to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed            
(9)
in such way that it can acquire language.    This suggestion implies        
(10)
that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensitionally
and in colour, and just as they are designed to stand upright
rather than to move on all fours, so they are designed to learn
and use language as part of their normal development as well-
formed human beings.


PART 3 READING COMPREHENSION [40 MIN]
SECTION A READING COMPREHENSIN [30 MIN]
In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on the answer sheet.

TEXT A

ON SOCIETY

Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explaination for all sorts of violence,from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature aat length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. "It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem," write Roy Barmeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia.

The conversation view is that people without welf-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime.
The study concludes: "Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase one's proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be couterproductive and even dangerous......The societal pursuit of high self-esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm."

As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves,"perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility," the researchers write.
In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believes the "self"-promoting establishment is starting to crumble. "What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control," he said.

In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-esteem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is deeply implicated in the dumbing down of our schools, and in the spurious equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Let's hope it is indeed crumbling.

11. The researcher find that there are stronger connections between _____
A. low self-esteem and violence.
B. low self-control and violence.
C. high self-image and violence.
D. high self-control and violence.
正确答案是

12. The researchers would most probably agree with the following EXCEPT _____
A. self-esteem should be promoted and encouraged.
B. schools should change their concept of self-esteem.
C. the traditional view is beginning to lose ground.
D. prisons should change their present practice.
正确答案是

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